Creating and setting up a questionnaire with an exploratory approach to evaluate immersive websites among professors and doctoral students of physical education
Document Type : Original Article
Author
Graduated with a PhD in Sports Management, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
10.22098/pbeo.2025.17635.1060
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of the current research was to prepare and set up a questionnaire to evaluate immersive websites among professors and doctoral students of physical education with an exploratory approach.
Methods: The current research method was exploratory. The statistical population included professors and doctoral students of physical education in Kerman province. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire of immersive characteristics and two standard questionnaires of attendance by Kim and Bioka (1997) and the short flow scale of Reinberg et al. (2023). The statistical methods used in this research were Cronbach's alpha test, Spearman's correlation coefficient and exploratory factor analysis with Oblimin rotation using SPSS version 27 software.
Results: The findings showed that the seven extracted factors explain more than 62% of the variances. It also shows that web immersion may be divided into three dimensions: perceptual immersion, practical immersion, and cognitive immersion. All in all, a suitable validity and reliability was obtained for this questionnaire, which indicates the appropriateness of this tool for scientific and practical purposes.
Conclusion: The final questionnaire has the ability to be used by different researchers due to the strength of the factor structure and suitable psychometric properties.
Methods: The current research method was exploratory. The statistical population included professors and doctoral students of physical education in Kerman province. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire of immersive characteristics and two standard questionnaires of attendance by Kim and Bioka (1997) and the short flow scale of Reinberg et al. (2023). The statistical methods used in this research were Cronbach's alpha test, Spearman's correlation coefficient and exploratory factor analysis with Oblimin rotation using SPSS version 27 software.
Results: The findings showed that the seven extracted factors explain more than 62% of the variances. It also shows that web immersion may be divided into three dimensions: perceptual immersion, practical immersion, and cognitive immersion. All in all, a suitable validity and reliability was obtained for this questionnaire, which indicates the appropriateness of this tool for scientific and practical purposes.
Conclusion: The final questionnaire has the ability to be used by different researchers due to the strength of the factor structure and suitable psychometric properties.
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