Designing the conceptual framework of the school of life: a tool development approach
Document Type : Original Article
Author
Department of Educational Science, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology,University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
10.22098/pbeo.2025.18055.1065
Abstract
Background and Aim: A review of the history and background of studies related to the school of life indicates that There is no comprehensive framework for identifying factors affecting the realization of the School of Life and there are rarely any valid tools to reveal this concept; Therefore, the present study in an effort to develop previous results was designed with the aim of design, constructing and validating the School of Life questionnaire in elementary school.
Methods: This present research carried out in a combination method. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative stage consisted of all written documents about the school of life and in the quantitative stage, it included all male and female primary school teachers (areas one and two) of Ardabil city, out of a total of 1743 people, a sample of 350 people was selected based on the Cochran's formula and using the cluster method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was developed based on the codes and categories resulting from the three-step analysis of the documents. The evaluation of the codes and categories using the modified classic Delphi technique indicated a 70% agreement among the ten experts on the results.The face validity and content validity of the questionnaire were examined based on two indices of CVR and CVI. In this regard, Lawshe's formula and Waltz's & Bausell's method were used and it was found that all the questions of the questionnaire have the necessary validity. CR, Rho_A and Cronbach's alpha were used to check reliability. Composite reliability and internal consistency of all components were higher than 0.7. Also, the fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure of the questionnaire.
Results: The results of the research identified and introduced seven factors (Administrator's competence, teacher's competence, student's voice, school architecture, organic organizational structure, positive thinking culture, effective teaching and learning) as effective factors in the establishment school of life. These factors provided a questionnaire including 86 items.
Conclusion: Conceptualizing, building and validating a tool for the school of life can play an important role in measuring, recognizing and revealing the factors affecting the school of life and can be a suitable road map for the effective establishment of the school of life. Therefore, the designed tool with its appropriate validity and reliability can be used to measure the effective factors in the realization of the school of life.
Methods: This present research carried out in a combination method. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative stage consisted of all written documents about the school of life and in the quantitative stage, it included all male and female primary school teachers (areas one and two) of Ardabil city, out of a total of 1743 people, a sample of 350 people was selected based on the Cochran's formula and using the cluster method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was developed based on the codes and categories resulting from the three-step analysis of the documents. The evaluation of the codes and categories using the modified classic Delphi technique indicated a 70% agreement among the ten experts on the results.The face validity and content validity of the questionnaire were examined based on two indices of CVR and CVI. In this regard, Lawshe's formula and Waltz's & Bausell's method were used and it was found that all the questions of the questionnaire have the necessary validity. CR, Rho_A and Cronbach's alpha were used to check reliability. Composite reliability and internal consistency of all components were higher than 0.7. Also, the fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure of the questionnaire.
Results: The results of the research identified and introduced seven factors (Administrator's competence, teacher's competence, student's voice, school architecture, organic organizational structure, positive thinking culture, effective teaching and learning) as effective factors in the establishment school of life. These factors provided a questionnaire including 86 items.
Conclusion: Conceptualizing, building and validating a tool for the school of life can play an important role in measuring, recognizing and revealing the factors affecting the school of life and can be a suitable road map for the effective establishment of the school of life. Therefore, the designed tool with its appropriate validity and reliability can be used to measure the effective factors in the realization of the school of life.
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